UNCTAD SDG Pulse 2025

UNCTAD SDG Pulse 2025 provides an update on the evolution of a selection of official SDG indicators and complementary data and statistics about the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs.

Foreword
Introduction
SDGs by theme
SDGs by theme
SDGs by goal
SDGs by goal
In focus
UNCTAD in action
PDF version

Shadow economy

The shadow economy includes all economic activities which are hidden from official authorities for monetary, regulatory, and institutional reasons (Medina and Schneider, 2018).